Double-acting gas or vapor engine.



No. 875,899. PTENTED JAN. LS, 0. C. DURYEA. DOUBLE ACTING GAS 0R VAPORENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 15. 1907.

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No 875,899. PATENTED JAN. '7, 1908. 0. C. DURYEA.

DOUBLE ACTING GAS 0R VAPOR ENGINE.

vAPPLIOATION FILED IEB.15.1907.

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' doubleacting'rear compression engine which V:lio

Specification of yLetters Patent.

y [l OTH() CROMWBLL Dl'lll'l, Ol" LOS NGELES, CALIFORXIA.

Y, l ynoneLn-AcTr-NG GAson VAPOR ENGINE.

l Patented Jan. 7, 1908.

Application illeri Febr-nerf.' 15.1907. Serial No.357586.

' T o ll jwiom it 'ma y concern'.-

Be it known that l, @Trio Cnoiiwnii. `v`1)ifiii'ia`,,a'fcitizeii olthe`L'nited Sta-tes, residing vat "LosAiigeles, in the eountycl Los Angeles`aiid AState of California, have inventednew and u'setful Improvementsin Double- Actlilg"Gas or Ya'por Engines, ot which the 'fblliwin'spec-iii lation.

`.invention is applicable in 4various forii'isvofgengines amongwhiclimay be men tioned'iee-piston engines, rock-drills, power hainni'ersvandthe like. An object. Of lthis invention is to improve engines of thisclass ii'ith respect toy conven-A ience, lclieapness andcompleteness 0iconstruction at the saine time preserving the effectiveness andsmoothness of operation.

An objectof this invention isto devise a canbefniade to advantage inlarge quantities yafininimuin number oi' special tools and .WS-3.- yinvention 'relates more especially Ito direct ',doubleacting free pistonengines in Which'theworking connection with the piston,lifeadismade`through one end of one of the.. explosion chambers. In engines of thiskind a serious difficulty to overcomeis the liability of unequal actionof the explosive char es in the opposite'explosion chambers. In a crm ofthiskind ofengine which l have built I foiindf this Idifficulty .almost'insure mountable and successful operation of the engine lverydii'ticu-lt Without the use of a Vily i An objectgof this invention isto entirely ,Obviateall difiiculty of this nature in engines .,l ofgthekind last referred to.- All suoli diiliculty isl completely.:overcome inthis invention in ,fiyfhich the bodylof the engine has reversely'arranged cavities for reversely arranged duvlplicate...explosionchambers, and also has ways opening from the explosion ends of suchcavities, respectively, piston heads connected togetherfand i'noving insaid cavities respectively, a piston rod connected with one of saidheads and having a portion extending therefrom and litting in andruiming through one of said ways, and a counterpart of said rod-*portionconnected with the other piston head and extending therefrom and iittingand=lrunning in the other way.

Aitherfobject is to construct an engine of thiseclassivhich,can .be mostreadily started andfviiil'ii'clil will 'be devoid of any external movingparts liable to strike, catch or harm the attendants. This isaccomplished by making the engine body open at the rear end andproviding detachable handle by which the piston rod of thelc'onstructionabove reieri-ed to can be reciprocated from the rear for priming and lorinitial explosion.

Another objectis to provide a double actingreai compression enginehaving improved means for positive operation of any ignitei or otherdevice for causing the explosions to occur appropriately.

A lfurther improvement pertains to equalizing the compression chambersby a new ar. rangement of the riile sleeve relative to such chamberswhereby the compression ot the. charges for each explosion chamber willbe practically the same as that l'or the other, and ample-room yfor therifle bar is provided.

A further .object is to provide a better construction and arrangementfor the rifle sleeve.` Also to'piovide for keeping the saine and thepistons cool in the best and most economical way.

Another object is to equalizev the cooling of the parts pertaining ioboth explosion chambers. This is accomplished by providing, at'thc endsol' the explosion chambers, cooling devices in which those portions otthe piston rod which are subject to the lire of the explosion chambersmay be cooled after each explosion. Also by providing a pumpingattachment free from but actuated bya sloping portion of the piston.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention Figui-e1 is a plan ofa gas-actuated rock drill embodying the invention; the starting handlebeing shown withdrawn. A portion of the drill body is broken to show apet cock. Fig. 2 is an axial section. on line XL-X?, Figs. l and 5, thefeed screw handle being turned to a position diii'erent from that inFig. l. Fig. $3 is a fragnieiital. sectional view showing the startinghandle in. place ready lor starting the drill into operation. Fig. i isa section on line X" X4, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a section on line X-XFigs. 1and. '2. Fig. G is a li'agnicntal detail illustrating the mechanism foroperating the make and break sparkers lor igniting the charges. Fig. Tis an enlarged l'ra-gmcntal section on line X`--\Q7 Figs. 1 and 5 and onliiic X-XT Fig. 8, and is a view of the rea-r end ol the engine body,omitting the piston t0 clearly show the ports.

'on the rod dividing one of said cavities into a compression chamber 21and an explosion chamber 22. -9 is a piston head on the rod divid ngtheV other of said cavities into a compression chamber 31 and anexplosion chamber 32. 10 and 11 are exhaust ports.

12 and 13 are inlets opening into the compression chambers, 21 and 31respectively.

14. is a passage in the body leading from one compression chamber 21 toits companion explosion chamber' 22 and 15 is a like passage in the bodyleading'from the other compression chamber to the other explosionchamber.

The 'piston rod 7 is composed of a power applying portion 71, acounterpart portion 72 andan intermediate portion 73. The portion 71fits in and runs through the front end way 6. the portion 72 tits the.rear end Way 5, and the portion 73 tits and runs through theintermediate Way 4 which is formed by a. riie sleeve in Which a riflesection 17 of the intermediate portion of the rod tits and moves.

The body 1 ot' the engine is formed of two complementary shells 18, 19socketed together and having lugs 20 and held-together by bolts 23passed through said lugs and secured by nuts 24, and has an intermediatewall or partition 25 at the middle Where the two shells abut together,and in which the rifle sleeve 16 is mounted to form the intermediate Wayfor thepiston rod. The sleeve 16 is practically balanced being mounted`at it-s middle, and projects equally into the comf'- i Y "designatesrelief cocksfor said duc-ts, and 1() pression chambers 21 and 31'tothereby beI chambered in the engine body free fromaction of explosivecharges and at the same time establishing a conformity between the twocompression chambers 21, 31, and alloW- ing a rifle bar of ample lengthand size to be chambered in the engine body to advantage, being cooledby the ini'lowing gases and protected from dirt. The piston heads arecup shaped and at their compression strokes partially chamber theirrespective ends of the rille sleeve. Said sleeve is desiralfly providedwith a stuiting box 26,- at one end through which a smooth cylindricalportion 27 of the piston rbd moves.

The rifle sleeve 16 is fixed against endwise movementand is mounted torotate in the partition 25. An annular clutch in said partition isarranged touallow rotatlon of the sleevein one direction only, forrotating thel drill in the usual manner. y i" The passages 14, 15 openinto'the explotending from the 'piston heads to the explosion chambersrespectively in the. form of oblique lsupply ports that are directed towWard the portions l71 72 of the rod and toward the explosion ends ofsaid chambers respectively, which chamber ends are ractically conformedto the outer ends o -the piston-heads to allow said heads, with a shortl stroke, to produce a high compression of the charges ot explosive gasor va or and to cushion thereon. Theexplosivec arges issuing from thesupply ports at'14 and 15 are thereby directed along the portions 71 and72 of the piston rods Which form deflectors ex- U sion ends of the cambers, and therefore, in each explosion chamber, portions of each eX-plosive charge are conducted to the explosion end of the chamber Whilethe burned gases escape through the exhaust port 1 or 11 as the case maybe said ports being on the side of the deector opposite the supply portsat 14 and 15, respectively, and Aeach o enin somewhat nearer the exlosion end oits c iamber than the supply in et so that the emission ofburned gas shall begin before the explosive charge is admitted. 33 arelocated in the same side of the chambers as the supply ports sol thateach explosive charge is directed to drive out all burned gasirom aroundthe sparker.

The outer ends of the pistons 'aretape'sed in ogee form around theportions 471 and 72 so that' when either pist-on passes its supply portto open it, the explosive charge thus admitted is at once giventhedesired direcf tion. The piston-heads are spaced* apart A and betweenthem, in the compression chambers 2 and 3 are devices 34 and 35 whichthe piston heads actuate to alternately operate the make and breaksparkers 30, 33 by 105 vmeans of push rods 36 and 37. Duets are dedopenihg Iron] t-he explosion ends of explosion chambers respectively. 39

for their simultaneo s operation.

41 is a socket in t ie rear end of the piston rod to receive the stock42 of a detachable st-arting handle having a spring released catch 43 toengage a catch forme-d by an an- 115 nular gain 44 in the Wall of thesocket 41. The catch 43l is' bent to form a iinger piece or handle 45extending Valong one armof across head 46 ofthe starting handle. Thereleasing spring 47 of the. catch normallyretracts 120 the catch intothe stock `12 and thusleaves said stock normally free from the pistonrod and rea-d37 to be inserted or withdrawn at pleasure.

The rear counterpart portion or extension 1,25 72 of lhepiston rod is ofa. length practicallv corresponding to that ol' the rear way so that itdoes not protrude from the en ine bod \v at any portion o1' its stroke.

4S is a wsolene receptacle 'and vaporizcr 130 is a handle connectzd withbot-h said cocks '90 The sparkers 30 and erases pistonrod, includingthose that are subjected tofthe ire ol the/explosiony chambers. A

considera,ble amount ot' the unoonverted heat;

of the-explosions may thusfbe removed from the piston rod and pistons.Other portions of such heatare removed by the usual Water jackets 5l`aroundI theexplosion chambers. designates the Waterpipes communicatingwith and between such jackets.

53 is-the b ed and54 the screv for movingA the body 1 thereon in theusual Way for drillmg.

It is to be understood that this invention may be embodied in variousforms 'and l do not propose to limit the construction to the particularform shown but may vary the same without departing from this invention.

' 55 designates drain cocks connected with the rear compressionchambers, 'for draining oil therefrom.

56. designates packing rings .on the rod to prevent leakage and 57 is astuffing box screwed on one end of the body i to wipethe piston rod andexclude dirt from the Viront Way `6. 5S is a Afinishing tip screwed inlike manner on the rear end of the body.

59 designates brackets to support the vaporiZer 48.

The main bodyr of the partitionl is a hollen annular member having anintermediate flange 61.to lit a gain in the abutting end of one shell.The shells are turned to tit together and are held againstI relativerotation by a dovvel pin 62.

The rifle sleeve i6 has a hub formed of a flange 63 against whichscrewed a collar l. The hub rotates `in the clutch. and partition, beingchambered in and abutting` against the partition member 25. A plate 65is mrcwed into said member 25 against shoulder 55 therein and holds thesleeve 16 and the mem'- bers'ot' the clutch in place.

The tWo shells 1S' and 1Q are practically duplicates of each other andmay be cast from' the same patterns by appropriately changing the' coresand prints iroin the inlet and exhaust ports and the vaporizer bracketfrom their positions appropriate 'for` castingl one shell, tocomplementary positions for casting the other shell. Also in the con'-struction for the drill a print and core for the feed screw lug 60 willbe applied in the pattern for casting the rearl shell. Both shells maybe iinished bly the same and tools.

In practice the starting handle is normally detached 'from the engine,and when the attendant desires to start the engine into operation he mayopen relief cock 39, grasp the cross head of the starting handle withcom hands and insert the stock through the rear Way 5 into thesocket4]., then by gripping the ringer piece or catch handle 45 against. thecross head he will throw'thecatch into the gain 44 and b f means ofthestarting handle. I he will give aew reciprocations te the iiston rod andits heads to draw inexplosivec isrges and at the same time actuatethe-sparkers. As soon as the explosion chambersy are charged explosionswill occur, blowing out through the relief cocks, whereupon. the0pcrater Will close the same by means ofthe n cock handle 40 and then bya furtl'icr movement ol the piston rod will again canse one of thesparkers to act to ignite an explosive charge thus starting the engineinto operation. At the same instant he will release his grip on thelinger piece 45, and thereupon the spring 47 will retractthe catch andat once release the starting handle from the iston rod thus allowing thepiston to run ree and the operator to withdraw the Ystarting handle.

The cylindrical form o'l the stock 42 and the seat therefor termed ofthe socket 4l andA annular gain 44 allows the piston rod to ro- -tatewithout turning the detachable starting handle in the hands of theattendant, and wlienever the iinger piece 45 is released, the startingha die is instantly detached from the piston rod.

,lilach piston head'is so :'irranged with rela- 'tion to the inlet,exhaust and supply ports for its compression and explosion chambers andthe device for operating the igniter in its explosion chamber, thatatrthe close of its compressing stroke, after having closed the inlet toits compression chamber, it will actuate the device for operating theigniter of its explosion chamber.

The Vfurther operation ot the engine will be lunderstood from theforegoing description,

reference being had to the drawings. The relief cock ducts 38 are smallso as not to destroy the practical conformity oll the pistons to theexplosion chambers and each is desirahly located at the extension of thecylindrical )ortion of its explosion chambers; thus allowing a fullreciprocation of the pistons for priming. When the relief' cocks areclosed and the engine is in. operation the explosive charges in theexplosion chambers cushion the pistons so that the engine, its pistonrod with its pistons is seltbalanccd, and high compression of theexplosive charges may be effected in the explosion chambers.

67 designates a pump connected with the passage of the'water jackets 49,50 and 51. 68 is a bell crank pivoted at 59 to the body of the engine.70 is a roller engaging a sloping portion 74 ofthe piston rod-and 75 isa roller for actuating the spring returned piston 76 of the pump 67. Bythis means water may be pumped through the pipe 52 and circulatedthrough the water jacket. T herollersandbell crank arefree from thepiston rod, and the pumppiston Operates respon- ,sively to bot-h thelongend short strokes of -the piston'rod which may occur during theoperation of the engine.

hat I claim is 1.- In a double acting gas complementary shells socketedtogether, piston heads and a ried pistonrod in said sliells, aclutchfastened to one of said shells and a rifle. sleeve for `the pistonrod rotatably mounted inl the clutch and projecting into the cavities ofboth shells. y

2. A double acting rear compression gas or vapor engine having a riflebar and sleeve located between and extending into its rear compressionchambers.

or vapor engine,

3. In .n double acting. rear compression.-

gas' or vapor engine the combination with the engine body of an annularclutch in the partition between the rear compression chambers, a riflesleeve having a hub rotating in said partition a-nd clutch, astuffing Intestimony whereof, I have hereunto set e my hand at Clii co,'Calif.-,this 4th day of February, 1907.

OTHO CROMWELL` DURYEA.

In the presence 01'- H. L. WEED, l INGLES M.U1 1?ERF.S.

